Here is some very useful information on how to take a pro-active and hands-on approach in dealing with your illness and diagnosis, prognosis and treatment:
Be informed, have the most accurate, precise and detailed, in-depth, accurate and up to date information regarding the illness
At time of diagnosis, it is important to learn as much as you can about your condition. Be informed and prepared, empowered and make decisions based on facts, diagnosis, prognosis and more.
Regular contact with medical practitioners and care-givers remain of extreme importance
Ask any of the questions regarding the disease and treatment that you might have. Your medical treatment team is the best trusted sources for information and updates.
Explore and discuss all your options
Get as much information you can about the stage of development of your disease and focus on how to make you life most comfortable, how best to treat and deal with the illness (on your terms and preference, doctors advice and orders of course!)
Research and support resources, knowledge and interaction with key stakeholders can help you deal with this lung disease cancer diagnosis – even if the prognosis is grim.
Cancer patient resources are freely available to help you through this time and diagnosis.
American Cancer Society's Cancer Resource Center (ACS) has numerous valuable resources and links that can help you stay informed about mesothelioa.
Always remember that there are various different channels and avenues for dealing with looking at your symptoms and severity, coping and dealing with the reality, challenges as well as the aftermath and future treatments.
Realistic expectations, honesty and open discussion will assist you dealing with the emotions and complicated rollercoaster you will be left having to cope with
The National Cancer Institute also has various sources at your disposal. MEDLINE research and abstracts will keep the best that the market has to offer on research and treatment at your fingertips. Follow the link provided here for more details. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/fulltext.html.
There are also some toll-free helplines, like the Cancer Information Toll-Free Telephone Service (CIS). Contact the CIS, toll-free in the United States and Puerto Rico, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237)
Oncolink is another well-cited online resource for cancer and other relevant science and topics.
Sunday, February 4, 2007
Mesothelioma Oncologists and Cancer Treatment Centers
There are mesothelioma related hospitals and doctors located all over the country. These are normally located in areas with university teaching and research facilities and are dedicated to treating mesothelioma cancers as well as conducting research and clinical trials on treatment and pain management methods for mesothelioma patients.
You can find a mesothelioma related research facility in most states of the union from Alabama to Washington. University mesothelioma facilities are located in the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the University of Colorado in Denver, the University of South Florida in Tampa, Loyola University in Mayword, Illinois, the University of Maryland in Baltimore, the University of Mississippi in Jackson, and at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Specialized mesothelioma clinics and treatment centers are also located in many of the country’s most prestigious universities. They include the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of Los Angeles, the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Therapeutic Radiology as well as mesothelioma treatment sections at the University of Chicago, John Hopkins University, the University of Michigan, the University of Minnesota, Creighton University and the Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico.
Another source of information, treatment and research of mesothelioma is the network of cancer clinics that is spread all over the United States. These cancer centers focus on all aspects of cancer research, treatment, education and support to cancer patients and their families. Some of these centers are generic cancer centers whose main role is to research the causes of mesothelioma and other forms of cancer. Others carry out specialized research which zeroes in on the basic causes of mesothelioma and carries out clinical trials to test medications and other treatments. Still others put their efforts towards not only research but concentrate on education, support and treatment.
These cancer centers are the hub around which all mesothelioma research and clinical trials rotate. They let individuals seek specialized treatment for their disease but they also serve as a connecting point for doctors, scientists and researchers who are seeking better treatments and ultimately a cure for the ravaging disease of mesothelioma. These centers house teams of experts in oncology, pathology and radiologists that can track mesothelioma from its root causes to its eventual impact on the human body.
The doctors who affiliate themselves with both the universities and cancer centers are then able to tap into this vast body of knowledge that is being developed and evaluated on a daily basis. This ensures quality and up to date diagnosis and treatment of mesothelioma patients and also provides the information and resources required to support their families and caregivers. This network of researchers and doctors provide the best possible source of information and treatment of mesothelioma that is available anywhere in the world today.
You can find a mesothelioma related research facility in most states of the union from Alabama to Washington. University mesothelioma facilities are located in the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the University of Colorado in Denver, the University of South Florida in Tampa, Loyola University in Mayword, Illinois, the University of Maryland in Baltimore, the University of Mississippi in Jackson, and at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Specialized mesothelioma clinics and treatment centers are also located in many of the country’s most prestigious universities. They include the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of Los Angeles, the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Therapeutic Radiology as well as mesothelioma treatment sections at the University of Chicago, John Hopkins University, the University of Michigan, the University of Minnesota, Creighton University and the Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico.
Another source of information, treatment and research of mesothelioma is the network of cancer clinics that is spread all over the United States. These cancer centers focus on all aspects of cancer research, treatment, education and support to cancer patients and their families. Some of these centers are generic cancer centers whose main role is to research the causes of mesothelioma and other forms of cancer. Others carry out specialized research which zeroes in on the basic causes of mesothelioma and carries out clinical trials to test medications and other treatments. Still others put their efforts towards not only research but concentrate on education, support and treatment.
These cancer centers are the hub around which all mesothelioma research and clinical trials rotate. They let individuals seek specialized treatment for their disease but they also serve as a connecting point for doctors, scientists and researchers who are seeking better treatments and ultimately a cure for the ravaging disease of mesothelioma. These centers house teams of experts in oncology, pathology and radiologists that can track mesothelioma from its root causes to its eventual impact on the human body.
The doctors who affiliate themselves with both the universities and cancer centers are then able to tap into this vast body of knowledge that is being developed and evaluated on a daily basis. This ensures quality and up to date diagnosis and treatment of mesothelioma patients and also provides the information and resources required to support their families and caregivers. This network of researchers and doctors provide the best possible source of information and treatment of mesothelioma that is available anywhere in the world today.
Mesothelioma Research
Mesothelioma is a malignant, cancerous terminal disease caused by asbestos exposure and inhalation, ingestion or handling. There are four main types of asbestos in question here: Amosite (brown fibers) Anthophyllite (gray fibers) White Christie Blue Crocidolite. What contributes to the spread of the disease is that the 'Chrysotile', curly fibers or even rod like fibers are so easily taken into our human system so easily through the air, even by dust particles, sticking to us, swallowed or even breathe in. Asbestos was seen as a useful mineral and a miracle element, versatile and was used in myriads of products. Health hazards, risks and threats continue as it was used in a vast variety of products post WW II, construction and engineering projects worldwide. Typical symptoms include coughing, lung damage, shortness of breath, and lung cancer. It takes a lot of time before the illness develops. Occupations that are at risk for asbestos exposure are mining, milling, manufacturing and even the building construction and engineering industries. Other higher risk occupations could include firefighters, demolition and destruction workers, drywall removers, and tradesmen and women that are involved in the destruction of buildings, ships, and automobiles. Tissues damage is common and over the years this cancer can develop and cause problems breathing, fluid builds up in the lungs and can even kill the patient in question. Latent for decades, not all who are exposed actually develops the diseases. Full-blown symptoms might take a couple of years to show up and once it does it is progressive and requires immediate treatment. The risk is also there of infection your family and loved ones due to transferal dust and particles on skin, clothing or work-clothes. As far as patient treatment and care after diagnosis (see elsewhere), there are also some key nutritional advice for Mesothelioma patients to follow to improve their quality of life and strengthen their immunity. Loss of appetite is typical and some of the side-effects of the medication, might have you in need of a specialty diet. Nutrients across the food-groups are important and patients should guide against sudden weight loss that is not helping their condition any. Other aspects of the illness that might affect, not only appetite, but also general well-being could include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth and a change in the sensory appreciate of food (smell and taste)
Mesothelioma Tests & Diagnosis
Like with any other illness or serious, terminal disease, the medical tests and confirmation of the existing condition, progression and prognosis, is actually the start of the process of identifying, addressing and effectively dealing with mesothelioma. A full and detailed review of the patient’s medical history will be taken to enable and effect, underscore and make an accurate diagnosis possible. Any occupational exposure to asbestos is placed under closer scrutiny. Any work I mines, with some of the products containing asbestos (insulation, cement, HVAC etc, as well as some other professions like construction, engineering and the like), will be considered. These factors will all contribute to a heightened ‘clinical’ hypothesizing about possible origin, root cause of the symptoms. Diagnostic testing will back up and follow any level of suspicion for mesothelioma. A full and comprehensive, physical medical examination will follow. Chest X-rays and lung-capacity testing is the logical next avenue of choice. Thickening and presence of fluid will be detected and clearly visible. These will all contribute to more than mere suspicion now for the dreaded mesothelioma. Next steps will be MRI, CT or CAT scan as they are commonly referred to in the medical community. Cytology might be performed where lots of the excessive fluids are ‘aspirated’ with a syringe, pleural taps or chest drain, paracentesis or ascitic drain or pericardiocentesis. The method will depend on the location and amount of fluid present – the feasibility of the test procedure. Even if the diagnosis is negative at this point, the data obtained can also be used to rule out other illnesses like TB or heart conditions. Biopsies are next in line to confirm the diagnosis. A tissue sample through thoracoscopy for example. Looking inside and taking a sample are the goals of this process and outcome. A Laparoscopy will be done if the lower abdomen or trunk cavity is in question. Sometimes going deeper would require exploratory diagnostic surgery to determine the nature and extent of the disease, also disease and diagnosis confirmation will be given upon a positive diagnosis.
Alternative Medicine Options
Given the relatively unsuccessful results of conventional medicine in treating mesothelioma and that there is still no mesothelioma cure, a number of persons have turned to alternative mesothelioma treatments. These have included holistic forms of treatment, such as acupuncture, homeopathy, herbs, and other forms of Eastern medicine to treat mesothelioma.
These alternative approaches can be used alone or in conjunction with conventional treatments for mesothelioma. Most hospitals, however, do not offer these forms of treatment, and insurance companies, generally, do not cover these treatments.
Certain mesothelioma doctors have used unconventional methods to treat mesothelioma patients.
These alternative approaches can be used alone or in conjunction with conventional treatments for mesothelioma. Most hospitals, however, do not offer these forms of treatment, and insurance companies, generally, do not cover these treatments.
Certain mesothelioma doctors have used unconventional methods to treat mesothelioma patients.
Treatment Options For Patients
Mesothelioma treatment depends on several factors, including the stage of mesothelioma, the location of the tumor, and the age and overall health of the patient.
1. Surgery - Removal of Malignant MesotheliomaSurgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue may be used depending on how far the mesothelioma has spread (the stage). The more advanced the stage, the less likely that surgery will be effective in treating mesothelioma.
Surgery for malignant mesothelioma can be used for long-term control or to cure the disease (aggressive surgery) or can be used to relieve pain (palliative). a) Aggressive surgery Aggressive mesothelioma surgery involves removal of the pleura, lung, diaphragm, or pericardim. (The type involving removal of the pleura is called extrapleural pheumonectomy.) The goal is to remove as much of the mesothelioma tumor as possible. This type of surgery, also called extraplueral pneumonectomy, typically is performed on younger patients in Stage 1 of mesothelioma.
Because of the complexity and the high risks involved with this type of surgery, some mesothelioma hospitals do not perform the procedure. Also, different mesothelioma treatment centers may have different criteria for accepting patients for surgery. Therefore, it is important to check with a mesothelioma hospital to see if you meet its criteria.
b) Palliative SurgeryPalliative surgery is typically used in the more advanced stages of mesothelioma. The goal is to relieve or control symptoms caused by fluid collection or by the tumor compressing the lung or other organs. It is not intended to cure mesothelioma.
Pleurectomy/decortization is usually a palliative operation. It is used in situations where the entire tumor cannot be removed. It is effective in controlling the accumulation of fluid in the lungs (effusion), and the pain caused by mesothelioma.
Thoracentesis is also used to treat effusion in pleural mesothelioma. This treatment involves inserting a needle into the chest in order to drain the fluid. Thoracentesis does not involve surgical removal of the mesothelial cells.
2. RadiationRadiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill mesothelioma cancer cells and to shrink tumors. There are two types of radiation therapy.
External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body that beams x-rays to the location of the mesothelioma.
Brachytherapy involves putting chemicals that produce radiation directly into the site of the mesothelioma cancer. This is done by inserting a thin plastic tube into the chest or abdomen.
Because of the location of malignant mesothelioma, it is very difficult to deliver high-enough doses of radiation to kill the tumor without damaging surrounding organs. As a result, it is unclear whether radiation therapy is a successful method of treating mesothelioma. It has, however, been effective in killing remaining tumor cells after surgery has been performed.
Radiation therapy is also used as a palliative therapy to relieve symptoms of mesothelioma, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and internal bleeding.
Radiation therapy has several side effects, such as fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Although these side effects are sometimes temporary, you should let your doctor know, since they often can be controlled. 3. ChemotherapyChemotherapy uses drugs to treat mesothelioma cancer. It is administered either orally (through pills) or by injecting the drugs directly into the veins (intravenously), the muscles, the chest cavity (intrapleurally), or the abdominal cavity (intraperitoneally). The goal of mesothelioma chemotherapy is for the drug to enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body in order to destroy the cancer cells.
Several drugs have been used, either individually or in combination with others, to treat mesothelioma. Some of the single-agent drugs include:
Adriamycin (doxorubicin), which is the most studied and, currently, the most effective single agent;
epirubicin
carboplatin
detorubicin
pirarubucin
mitomucin
cisplatin.
Single-agent therapy has been only modestly successful in treating mesothelioma, with studies showing a response rate in the 10 to 20% range.
Because of the relatively low response rate of single-agent therapy in treating mesothelioma, combinations of these drugs have been used to increase their effectiveness. Although some researchers have reported high response rates to these therapies, these rates have not been consistent, and more research is necessary.
Chemotherapy drugs are generally very toxic. Therefore, a doctor must be very careful in monitoring the condition of a patient during therapy. Some of the more common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss or appetite, hair loss, and fatigue. Chemotherapy can also result in low blood cell counts, which increases the risk of infection and bleeding or bruising.
Side effects vary depending on the treatment, and generally disappear after treatment is completed.
1. Surgery - Removal of Malignant MesotheliomaSurgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue may be used depending on how far the mesothelioma has spread (the stage). The more advanced the stage, the less likely that surgery will be effective in treating mesothelioma.
Surgery for malignant mesothelioma can be used for long-term control or to cure the disease (aggressive surgery) or can be used to relieve pain (palliative). a) Aggressive surgery Aggressive mesothelioma surgery involves removal of the pleura, lung, diaphragm, or pericardim. (The type involving removal of the pleura is called extrapleural pheumonectomy.) The goal is to remove as much of the mesothelioma tumor as possible. This type of surgery, also called extraplueral pneumonectomy, typically is performed on younger patients in Stage 1 of mesothelioma.
Because of the complexity and the high risks involved with this type of surgery, some mesothelioma hospitals do not perform the procedure. Also, different mesothelioma treatment centers may have different criteria for accepting patients for surgery. Therefore, it is important to check with a mesothelioma hospital to see if you meet its criteria.
b) Palliative SurgeryPalliative surgery is typically used in the more advanced stages of mesothelioma. The goal is to relieve or control symptoms caused by fluid collection or by the tumor compressing the lung or other organs. It is not intended to cure mesothelioma.
Pleurectomy/decortization is usually a palliative operation. It is used in situations where the entire tumor cannot be removed. It is effective in controlling the accumulation of fluid in the lungs (effusion), and the pain caused by mesothelioma.
Thoracentesis is also used to treat effusion in pleural mesothelioma. This treatment involves inserting a needle into the chest in order to drain the fluid. Thoracentesis does not involve surgical removal of the mesothelial cells.
2. RadiationRadiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill mesothelioma cancer cells and to shrink tumors. There are two types of radiation therapy.
External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body that beams x-rays to the location of the mesothelioma.
Brachytherapy involves putting chemicals that produce radiation directly into the site of the mesothelioma cancer. This is done by inserting a thin plastic tube into the chest or abdomen.
Because of the location of malignant mesothelioma, it is very difficult to deliver high-enough doses of radiation to kill the tumor without damaging surrounding organs. As a result, it is unclear whether radiation therapy is a successful method of treating mesothelioma. It has, however, been effective in killing remaining tumor cells after surgery has been performed.
Radiation therapy is also used as a palliative therapy to relieve symptoms of mesothelioma, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and internal bleeding.
Radiation therapy has several side effects, such as fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Although these side effects are sometimes temporary, you should let your doctor know, since they often can be controlled. 3. ChemotherapyChemotherapy uses drugs to treat mesothelioma cancer. It is administered either orally (through pills) or by injecting the drugs directly into the veins (intravenously), the muscles, the chest cavity (intrapleurally), or the abdominal cavity (intraperitoneally). The goal of mesothelioma chemotherapy is for the drug to enter the bloodstream and circulate throughout the body in order to destroy the cancer cells.
Several drugs have been used, either individually or in combination with others, to treat mesothelioma. Some of the single-agent drugs include:
Adriamycin (doxorubicin), which is the most studied and, currently, the most effective single agent;
epirubicin
carboplatin
detorubicin
pirarubucin
mitomucin
cisplatin.
Single-agent therapy has been only modestly successful in treating mesothelioma, with studies showing a response rate in the 10 to 20% range.
Because of the relatively low response rate of single-agent therapy in treating mesothelioma, combinations of these drugs have been used to increase their effectiveness. Although some researchers have reported high response rates to these therapies, these rates have not been consistent, and more research is necessary.
Chemotherapy drugs are generally very toxic. Therefore, a doctor must be very careful in monitoring the condition of a patient during therapy. Some of the more common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss or appetite, hair loss, and fatigue. Chemotherapy can also result in low blood cell counts, which increases the risk of infection and bleeding or bruising.
Side effects vary depending on the treatment, and generally disappear after treatment is completed.
New Mesothelioma Treatments
New mesothelioma treatments are being evaluated in mesothelioma clinical trials in hopes of a mesothelioma cure. Mesothelioma clinical trials are research studies that evaluate new mesothelioma treatments for safety and efficiency. There are no guarantees that a treatment offered through a mesothelioma clinical trial will work, and because the treatments are in the trial stage, there are some risks. However, a mesothelioma clinical trial is not undertaken unless the researchers believe the treatment may have some value.
1. What is a clinical trial?A mesothelioma clinical trial is a research study used to evaluate a treatment for efficacy and safety. It generally involves a novel approach to treatment, and is conducted by a university-affiliated hospital.
2. What are the benefits of participating in a clinical trial?
Standard treatments for mesothelioma have not proved very effective, so you may not have much to lose
You may not qualify for certain standard treatments for mesothelioma, such as surgery, because of your condition
During the trials, doctors and nurses with expertise in treating mesothelioma will closely monitor your health for side effects and changes in your condition
Part of the cost of treating your mesothelioma may be free
Personal satisfaction in advancing the treatment of mesothelioma and, some day, in the development of a cure.
3. What are the risks involved?While strong efforts are made to ensure the safety of persons participating in clinical trials, some risks remain. As with all possible treatments of mesothelioma, discuss the risks with your doctor before you decide to participate.
Also, before you begin a mesothelioma clinical trial, you will be required to sign an informed consent form. By signing this document, you are stating that a healthcare provider has explained the risks and benefits associated with the mesothelioma treatment, and that you have agreed to the participation.
4. Some of the questions you might ask your doctor:
What does the mesothelioma trial hope to accomplish?
What are the chances of successfully treating my mesothelioma using standard therapies?
What side effects are expected, and are these worse than standard treatments of mesothelioma?
How long will the mesothelioma trial last?
What company or university is sponsoring the mesothelioma trial?
What will I have to pay for the mesothelioma treatment?
Will participating prevent me from being treated with other mesothelioma therapies?
5. Finding out about ongoing clinical trialsYou should be able to obtain information from the doctor treating you for mesothelioma.
Also, call 1-800-362-1479 for an updated list of clinical trials, or send us an email requesting a list of mesothelioma clinical trials.
6. Experimental Treatments of MesotheliomaThere are a number of experimental treatments for mesothelioma that are currently being evaluated. These include:
a) Drug Therapy - AlimtaAlimta (pemetrexed) is a new chemotherapy drug developed to treat pleural mesothelioma. A recently completed trial, one of the largest clinical trials for treatment of mesothelioma, was presented in 2002 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncologists. The results indicated that Alimta was the first treatment to significantly increase the length of survival, as well as relieve symptoms of mesothelioma. b) Photodynamic TherapyPhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) involves administering photosensitive drugs into the mesothelial cells. Doctors then use a laser light to activate the photosensitive drugs in order to destroy the surrounding cancer cells.
As yet, PDT has not shown success in improving the survival rate for mesothelioma patients. c) Gene TherapyGene therapy is used to correct disease at the DNA level by compensating for abnormal genes. Several types of gene therapy are currently being studied for the treatment of mesothelioma. Although this treatment has proved successful in animal studies, the results in human studies have been disappointing.
d) ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy seeks to improve the immune system's natural ability to fight cancer. Studies have shown that the immune system distinguishes healthy cells from cancer cells in order to eliminate the cancerous cells.
Immunotherapy uses biological response modifiers (BRMs) to improve the body's natural ability to fight disease. (BRMs currently used include interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, tumor necrosis factors, and cancer vaccines.) This first involves the removal of healthy cells, which are then exposed to cytokines and antibodies. These enhanced cells are then reinstalled into the peritoneum, where they will enhance the body's ability to fight cancer.
Preliminary studies have shown significant shrinkage of mesothelioma tumors at very early stages of the disease. Much more research, however, is necessary to determine its efficacy as a treatment for malignant mesothelioma.
e) Multimodality TherapyThis type of therapy simply means the use of any combination of surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy to treat mesothelioma. The most common form combines surgery with intercavitary radiation or chemotherapy, both before and after, to remove and eliminate mesothelioma.
1. What is a clinical trial?A mesothelioma clinical trial is a research study used to evaluate a treatment for efficacy and safety. It generally involves a novel approach to treatment, and is conducted by a university-affiliated hospital.
2. What are the benefits of participating in a clinical trial?
Standard treatments for mesothelioma have not proved very effective, so you may not have much to lose
You may not qualify for certain standard treatments for mesothelioma, such as surgery, because of your condition
During the trials, doctors and nurses with expertise in treating mesothelioma will closely monitor your health for side effects and changes in your condition
Part of the cost of treating your mesothelioma may be free
Personal satisfaction in advancing the treatment of mesothelioma and, some day, in the development of a cure.
3. What are the risks involved?While strong efforts are made to ensure the safety of persons participating in clinical trials, some risks remain. As with all possible treatments of mesothelioma, discuss the risks with your doctor before you decide to participate.
Also, before you begin a mesothelioma clinical trial, you will be required to sign an informed consent form. By signing this document, you are stating that a healthcare provider has explained the risks and benefits associated with the mesothelioma treatment, and that you have agreed to the participation.
4. Some of the questions you might ask your doctor:
What does the mesothelioma trial hope to accomplish?
What are the chances of successfully treating my mesothelioma using standard therapies?
What side effects are expected, and are these worse than standard treatments of mesothelioma?
How long will the mesothelioma trial last?
What company or university is sponsoring the mesothelioma trial?
What will I have to pay for the mesothelioma treatment?
Will participating prevent me from being treated with other mesothelioma therapies?
5. Finding out about ongoing clinical trialsYou should be able to obtain information from the doctor treating you for mesothelioma.
Also, call 1-800-362-1479 for an updated list of clinical trials, or send us an email requesting a list of mesothelioma clinical trials.
6. Experimental Treatments of MesotheliomaThere are a number of experimental treatments for mesothelioma that are currently being evaluated. These include:
a) Drug Therapy - AlimtaAlimta (pemetrexed) is a new chemotherapy drug developed to treat pleural mesothelioma. A recently completed trial, one of the largest clinical trials for treatment of mesothelioma, was presented in 2002 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncologists. The results indicated that Alimta was the first treatment to significantly increase the length of survival, as well as relieve symptoms of mesothelioma. b) Photodynamic TherapyPhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) involves administering photosensitive drugs into the mesothelial cells. Doctors then use a laser light to activate the photosensitive drugs in order to destroy the surrounding cancer cells.
As yet, PDT has not shown success in improving the survival rate for mesothelioma patients. c) Gene TherapyGene therapy is used to correct disease at the DNA level by compensating for abnormal genes. Several types of gene therapy are currently being studied for the treatment of mesothelioma. Although this treatment has proved successful in animal studies, the results in human studies have been disappointing.
d) ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy seeks to improve the immune system's natural ability to fight cancer. Studies have shown that the immune system distinguishes healthy cells from cancer cells in order to eliminate the cancerous cells.
Immunotherapy uses biological response modifiers (BRMs) to improve the body's natural ability to fight disease. (BRMs currently used include interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies, tumor necrosis factors, and cancer vaccines.) This first involves the removal of healthy cells, which are then exposed to cytokines and antibodies. These enhanced cells are then reinstalled into the peritoneum, where they will enhance the body's ability to fight cancer.
Preliminary studies have shown significant shrinkage of mesothelioma tumors at very early stages of the disease. Much more research, however, is necessary to determine its efficacy as a treatment for malignant mesothelioma.
e) Multimodality TherapyThis type of therapy simply means the use of any combination of surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy to treat mesothelioma. The most common form combines surgery with intercavitary radiation or chemotherapy, both before and after, to remove and eliminate mesothelioma.
Mesothelioma Treatments
Significant pain often accompanies mesothelioma, particularly during the later stages of the disease. It is considered one of the major challenges facing patients and their doctors because of the impact pain has on the patient's quality of life and treatment of mesothelioma.
Fortunately, today more than ever, health-care workers who specialize in part control are employing state-of-the art techniques to successfully fight pain. One expert anesthesiologist recently pointed out that "our experience suggests a greater than 90 percent effectiveness rate . . . with the fewest side effects" in controlling pain caused by mesothelioma.
Progressive SymptomsPain associated with mesothelioma changes from mild, episodic, and localized, to severe and chronic as the disease progresses. The first symptoms of pain depend on the type of mesothelioma. For pleural mesothelioma, the initial symptoms are a nagging discomfort or mild pain in the chest area or in the back. For peritoneal mesothelioma, the first symptoms are abdominal or pelvic discomfort, and, in some cases, bowel obstruction and its resultant pain.
During the initial stages of mesothelioma, pain can be relieved with over-the-counter analgesics, such as aspirin, Tylenol or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).As mesothelioma progresses and destroys surrounding soft tissue and nearby nerve endings, the pain increases considerably. If the mesothelioma spreads into the chest wall, muscles or ribs, patients may experience severe pain.Pain Management TechniquesDoctors have several options for treating mesothelioma pain. Initially, with the assistance of the patient, the doctor assesses the pain and develops a treatment plan. a) Drug TherapyDrug therapy is the primary method for treating mesothelioma pain. There are 3 types of medicines used for pain relief.Non-Opoids are pain-relieving medicines such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and NSAIDs, such as ibuprofin, which can be purchases over-the-counter and taken orally. These are usually the first choice for mild pain. Because of certain side-effects, however, doctors do not recommend anything greater than the maximum daily dosage.
Opoids are the strongest medicines available to treat pain. Opoids, such as codeine, morphine, oxcodone, fentany, and hydromorphone, are very effective in relieving mesothelioma pain. These drugs also have side effects, and managing these side effects is an important part of pain management. Opoids are administered orally or intravenously.
Adjuvant analgesics are medicines intended for purposes other than pain relief. A number of these are used to alleviate pain associated with mesothelioma, such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and steroids.
b) Epidural ImplantsIf orally or intravenously administered drugs are not effective in easing pain, mesothelioma doctors may prescribe a solution containing local anesthetics and opioid analgesics that is delivered epidurally, that is outside of the dural membrane of the spinal cord, but still within the spinal canal.The pain-management team surgically implants a thin catheter beneath the skin. Precise doses of the pain-killing mixture are programmed to flow through this tubing into the epidural area of the spinal canal at preset amounts and times. The drugs bind to receptors in the central nervous system at the level of the nerve roots, blocking pain signals.In addition to controlling pain, the epidural implant reduces the need for in-hospital pain care, permitting maximum mobility for patients. Doctors, in conjunction with trained technicians of a private home-health care agency, provide the medication and monitor the ongoing operation of the device.
For additional information on pain management, and to obtain a copy of "Cancer Pain: Treatment Guidelines for Patients," which was released in January of this year by the American Cancer Society and the Comprehensive Cancer Network, call us at 1-800-362-1479 or email us.
4. Emotional Support to Help Relieve PainAs with all aspects of mesothelioma, emotional support from family or professional counseling can play a key role in pain management. Improving a patient's mental health helps minimize the fear, anxiety and depression that can make the physical pain feel worse.
Fortunately, today more than ever, health-care workers who specialize in part control are employing state-of-the art techniques to successfully fight pain. One expert anesthesiologist recently pointed out that "our experience suggests a greater than 90 percent effectiveness rate . . . with the fewest side effects" in controlling pain caused by mesothelioma.
Progressive SymptomsPain associated with mesothelioma changes from mild, episodic, and localized, to severe and chronic as the disease progresses. The first symptoms of pain depend on the type of mesothelioma. For pleural mesothelioma, the initial symptoms are a nagging discomfort or mild pain in the chest area or in the back. For peritoneal mesothelioma, the first symptoms are abdominal or pelvic discomfort, and, in some cases, bowel obstruction and its resultant pain.
During the initial stages of mesothelioma, pain can be relieved with over-the-counter analgesics, such as aspirin, Tylenol or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).As mesothelioma progresses and destroys surrounding soft tissue and nearby nerve endings, the pain increases considerably. If the mesothelioma spreads into the chest wall, muscles or ribs, patients may experience severe pain.Pain Management TechniquesDoctors have several options for treating mesothelioma pain. Initially, with the assistance of the patient, the doctor assesses the pain and develops a treatment plan. a) Drug TherapyDrug therapy is the primary method for treating mesothelioma pain. There are 3 types of medicines used for pain relief.Non-Opoids are pain-relieving medicines such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and NSAIDs, such as ibuprofin, which can be purchases over-the-counter and taken orally. These are usually the first choice for mild pain. Because of certain side-effects, however, doctors do not recommend anything greater than the maximum daily dosage.
Opoids are the strongest medicines available to treat pain. Opoids, such as codeine, morphine, oxcodone, fentany, and hydromorphone, are very effective in relieving mesothelioma pain. These drugs also have side effects, and managing these side effects is an important part of pain management. Opoids are administered orally or intravenously.
Adjuvant analgesics are medicines intended for purposes other than pain relief. A number of these are used to alleviate pain associated with mesothelioma, such as antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and steroids.
b) Epidural ImplantsIf orally or intravenously administered drugs are not effective in easing pain, mesothelioma doctors may prescribe a solution containing local anesthetics and opioid analgesics that is delivered epidurally, that is outside of the dural membrane of the spinal cord, but still within the spinal canal.The pain-management team surgically implants a thin catheter beneath the skin. Precise doses of the pain-killing mixture are programmed to flow through this tubing into the epidural area of the spinal canal at preset amounts and times. The drugs bind to receptors in the central nervous system at the level of the nerve roots, blocking pain signals.In addition to controlling pain, the epidural implant reduces the need for in-hospital pain care, permitting maximum mobility for patients. Doctors, in conjunction with trained technicians of a private home-health care agency, provide the medication and monitor the ongoing operation of the device.
For additional information on pain management, and to obtain a copy of "Cancer Pain: Treatment Guidelines for Patients," which was released in January of this year by the American Cancer Society and the Comprehensive Cancer Network, call us at 1-800-362-1479 or email us.
4. Emotional Support to Help Relieve PainAs with all aspects of mesothelioma, emotional support from family or professional counseling can play a key role in pain management. Improving a patient's mental health helps minimize the fear, anxiety and depression that can make the physical pain feel worse.
Types of Mesothelioma
About Pleural Mesothelioma - A Cancer of the Lining of the LungsPleural Mesothelioma is a cancer of the lining of the lungs, called the "pleura". The "pleura" are fibrous sheets that help to protect the lungs. They produce a lubricating fluid that allow the lungs to move smoothly as we breathe.
Because pleural mesothelioma is uncommon, some doctors misdiagnose the disease as lung cancer. Lung cancer, however, is different from pleural mesothelioma because lung cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the lungs, whereas pleural mesothelioma occurs in the lining of the lungs.
Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type of malignant mesothelioma. It accounts for about 75% of all types of malignant mesothelioma.
Find out more about:
Pleural Mesothelioma Symptoms.
Articles / Case Studies on Pleural Mesothelioma or Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma.
About Peritoneal Mesothelioma Cancer
Peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancer in the lining that surrounds the stomach or abdomin, called the peritoneum. The peritoneum are cells that produce a lubricating fluid that protect the stomach. They allow the stomach to move freely when, for instance, you are digesting food.
Peritoneal mesothelioma is much less common than pleural mesothelioma. It accounts for about 10 to 20% of mesotheliomas.
Find out more about:
Peritoneal Mesothelioma Symptoms.
Article / Case Studies on Peritoneal Mesothelioma / Abdominal Mesothelioma.
About Pericardial Mesothelioma Cancer
Pericardial mesothelioma is a cancer in the lining that surrounds the heart, called the pericardium. The pericardium are cells that produce a lubricating fluid that protect the heart. They allow the heart to move freely when, for instance, it is pumping blood to other parts of your body.
Pericardial mesothelioma is the least common form of malignant mesothelioma. It only accounts for 5 to 15% of all mesotheliomas.
Because pleural mesothelioma is uncommon, some doctors misdiagnose the disease as lung cancer. Lung cancer, however, is different from pleural mesothelioma because lung cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the lungs, whereas pleural mesothelioma occurs in the lining of the lungs.
Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type of malignant mesothelioma. It accounts for about 75% of all types of malignant mesothelioma.
Find out more about:
Pleural Mesothelioma Symptoms.
Articles / Case Studies on Pleural Mesothelioma or Diffuse Malignant Mesothelioma.
About Peritoneal Mesothelioma Cancer
Peritoneal mesothelioma is a cancer in the lining that surrounds the stomach or abdomin, called the peritoneum. The peritoneum are cells that produce a lubricating fluid that protect the stomach. They allow the stomach to move freely when, for instance, you are digesting food.
Peritoneal mesothelioma is much less common than pleural mesothelioma. It accounts for about 10 to 20% of mesotheliomas.
Find out more about:
Peritoneal Mesothelioma Symptoms.
Article / Case Studies on Peritoneal Mesothelioma / Abdominal Mesothelioma.
About Pericardial Mesothelioma Cancer
Pericardial mesothelioma is a cancer in the lining that surrounds the heart, called the pericardium. The pericardium are cells that produce a lubricating fluid that protect the heart. They allow the heart to move freely when, for instance, it is pumping blood to other parts of your body.
Pericardial mesothelioma is the least common form of malignant mesothelioma. It only accounts for 5 to 15% of all mesotheliomas.
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